مجله مطالعات فقه تربیتی
سال ششم شماره 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Physical nurturing is one of the most important areas of education in terms of taking measures and providing the necessary grounds for physical development, nurture, and satisfaction of the needs of the child's body. One of the measures that provides the ground for the growth and physical wellbeing of the child is physical health and hygiene. Physical health as one of the essential factors instrumental in nurturing involves parents who seek to ensure the child's right to proper health care after birth. In the present study, children's physical health has been examined in areas such as physical health, health in nutrition, attention to the characteristics of breastfeeding woman, fasting waiver for a breastfeeding woman, teaching the correct nutrition pattern to the child. Every single topic has been studied in the light of jurisprudential evidence (verses, narrations and reason), and the following conclusions have been obtained:Bathing and shaving the baby's hair and circumcising the baby boy, choosing a pretty breastfeeding woman, the right nutrition pattern for children are some of the essentials of proper nurturing and parenting.

In addition to the specific and explicit methods used in sex education, there are general rules defining the educational obligation in this area. The present study has examined these rules with an analytical descriptive method so that these rules can be relied upon and resorted to if there is no specific reason. The rules of causation (tasbib), guidance (irshad), enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil, avoiding assisting in the perpetration of a sin and protecting oneself against sins are the obligatory rules that apply in this area, just as the rule of assisting in the obedience to God is one of the non-mandatory rules in sex education. Providing the necessary knowledge in the field of sexual education, motivating the trainee towards engaging in desirable religious affairs and avoiding undesirable matters, necessary prevention in desirable sexual education and lack of sexual guilt of a trainee after attaining puberty are among the provisions of the current mandatory rules in sexual education. In case one is not certain that it does not lead to a sexual sin, they fall under the category of non-mandatory rules.

Tawakkul, in the Arabic language, is the word for the Islamic concept of reliance on God or "trusting in God's plan". It is seen as "perfect trust in God and reliance on Him alone." It can also be referred to as God-consciousness. It is a virtue which, if acquired, can help one tread a spiritual path and attain peace of mind and help overcome difficulties in life. Ignoring tawakkul can lead to deviation and extremism.  The present article seeks to investigate tawakkul from a jurisprudential point of view using the available library resources and literature. The research has been carried out in line with the theory of "the jurisprudence of ethics" that can serve as a kind of model for research in this field.
The results of the research show that tawakkul means trusting in God and consigning one's matters to Him. It is essentially preferable.  In many verses and hadiths, the obvious command is to rely on God; the intellect also commands the weak and ignorant person to trust the strong person when he guides him, and if he does not do so, he will be rebuked by the intellect and the wise. On the other hand, the necessity of high levels of trust for the general public entails hardship. The result is that, based on evidence, the acquisition of tawakkul is obligatory in the preliminary levels, and it is preferred in the higher levels.

The family is one of the most important social institutions, which is the center of continuous intimate relationships for couples; it provides a setting in which children's individual and social personality is formed. The phenomenon of polygamy is one of the challenges facing the family, which has appeared and dealt with differently throughout history depending on different cultures. From the very beginning, Islam has tried to provide a correct translation of the requirements of polygamy and the quality of the family, based on the order of the Holy Quran, while limiting the unbridled process of polygamy and preserving women's dignity.
In support of polygamy, much has been said about maintaining justice when a man is a polygamous relationship. The present article seeks to measure this issue within the framework of other rules and regulations of jurisprudence, especially its suspension to protect homeless girls and women in light of the rule of 'no harm'. Explaining the status of this jurisprudential-legal institution can be a good solution to solve many social problems and some family deadlocks.

One of the pedagogical methods highly emphasized by the Quran, in addition to explaining the concepts, is to show manifestations (models) to the trainee. The manifestations intended by the Quran include positive (good personalities) and negatives role models (bad and misled people). Generally speaking, it can be said that one of the pedagogical methods of the Quran is to make negative role models known to its audience. As per this method, the manifestations and characteristics of the misled people and evil-doers are explained so that the trainee, after knowing the manifestations and their characteristics, may avoid walking in the way which leads to his destruction. In this article, the need for introducing negative personalities as a pedagogical method has been examined from the viewpoint of the Quran and sayings of the Ahlulbayt (AS).  As well, the jurisprudential problem associated with this method (bad people serving as models) has been discussed. In the end, solutions that address this problem (by explaining the consequences of bad deeds and comparing bad people with good ones) have been offered.

The present article is a theoretical study that has been conducted with reliance on the available legal, juridical, textual and historical resources and books such as al-Mizan min wahy al-Quran, fi zilal al-Qur'an wa al-manar.  Studies show that, in order to train and educate rulers, the Quran recommends consultation, observance of social justice, avoidance from violence and paying attention to spirituality. Being fully heedful of the necessity of relationship with other nations, and to educate its followers, Islam has embarked on introducing certain standards such as defending the oppressed, negation of racism and peaceful behavior towards the followers of other ethnicities. Besides, it opposes the domination of unbelievers over Muslims, and compromising the principles of faith to maintain the identity of the Islamic society.